BitsSecuritySOFR & repo-rate desk
Rates for Oct 8, 2026 · NY Fed data

SOFR in 2023

The tightening cycle ended in July, and SOFR spent the rest of the year on a plateau. Its highest print in the series came in the last week of December.

The peak year

SOFR began 2023 at 4.31% on January 3 and ended at 5.38% on December 29. On December 28 it printed 5.40%, the highest rate in the New York Fed series. That level was matched on January 2 and July 1, 2024, but through the October 2026 data it has never been exceeded.

Unlike 2022, SOFR printed inside the target range every day, 5 bp to 15 bp above the lower bound.

Four quarter-point increases, then a plateau

The target range rose 25 bp on each of four effective dates: February 2, March 23, May 4 and July 27. On each of those days SOFR rose by exactly 25 bp, to 4.56%, 4.80%, 5.06% and 5.31%. The last increase set the range at 5.25%–5.50%. The target-range page shows that the range then held until September 2024.

There were 108 observations from July 27 to the end of the year, and 97 of them were between 5.30% and 5.32%. EFFR was 5.33% on every one of those days. August and September averaged 5.303%; the fourth quarter averaged 5.322%.

Measured against the range, the plateau sat low. SOFR was 5 to 7 bp above the 5.25% lower bound on 97 of the 108 days, which put it 18 to 20 bp below the 5.50% upper bound. EFFR was 8 bp above the lower bound throughout. That placement did not start with the last hike: before July 27, SOFR was exactly 5 bp above the lower bound on 84 of 141 days, and across the whole year its distance from the floor ranged from 5 bp to 15 bp.

Late-year pressure

All 11 prints above 5.32% after the last increase came after October 1. They clustered around month-ends and the last week of the year:

  • October 3: 5.33%. October 31: 5.35%.
  • November 2: 5.33%. November 30: 5.33%.
  • December 1, 4 and 5: 5.39%, 5.37% and 5.33%.
  • December 26–29: 5.35%, 5.39%, 5.40% and 5.38%.

On seven of those days SOFR was above EFFR, which happened on only 11 days in the whole year. The other four were around the first quarter-end (March 28, March 31 and April 3) and on June 30. The 7 bp gap on December 28 was the widest of the year in SOFR's favor. The distribution widened as well: on December 29 the 1st and 99th percentile rates were 5.30% and 5.68%, the widest range of the year. These are small next to the spikes of 2018 and 2019.

For accrual periods spanning year-endA loan that compounds SOFR in arrears across late December 2023 picked up a few extra basis points for a handful of days. Use the SOFR Index calculator to get the exact figure for your dates rather than assuming a flat 5.31%.

A much larger market

Daily volume averaged $1,410 billion in 2023, up 45.7% from 2022. January averaged $1,166 billion and December $1,694 billion. Volume first passed $1,500 billion on May 1 ($1,577 billion) and peaked at $1,850 billion on November 30. SOFR also ran further above TGCR than in either of the two previous years: 2.4 bp on average, compared with 1.1 bp in 2022 and 0.3 bp in 2021. It equaled TGCR on only 14 days.

The gap moved through the year. The monthly average SOFR–TGCR spread was 3.5 bp in January, narrowed to 2.1 bp in June and to 0.7 bp in September, when 8 of the 14 equal days fell, and widened again to 2.75 bp in December. BGCR, which adds GCF Repo trades to the tri-party set, stayed within 0.3 bp of TGCR on monthly average all year. So the spread came from the segment only SOFR includes: bilateral Treasury repo cleared through FICC's Delivery-versus-Payment service. When those trades priced above tri-party, SOFR rose relative to TGCR; in September they briefly priced in line.

The SOFR Index rose from 1.06018323 on January 3, 2023 to 1.11527807 on January 2, 2024. That is 5.19673% compounded over 364 days, or 5.140% annualized on an actual/360 basis.

The end of USD LIBOR

  • February 27. The Federal Reserve Board's Regulation ZZ, which implements the LIBOR Act, took effect.
  • April 21. The ARRC published an update of its Term SOFR scope-of-use recommendations and called them permanent recommendations for the market.
  • June 30. All USD LIBOR panel settings ceased. SOFR was 5.09% that day, a quarter-end, and 5.06% on July 3, the LIBOR Act's replacement date (the first London banking day after June 30).
  • July 1 onward. Under the FCA's decision of April 3, 2023, made under the UK Benchmarks Regulation, synthetic 1-, 3- and 6-month USD LIBOR, calculated as CME Term SOFR plus the ISDA spread adjustment, could be used only in legacy contracts, and not in cleared derivatives. Its publication ended on September 30, 2024.
  • November. The ARRC was terminated after fulfilling its mandate.

Charts and tables

4.154.444.735.025.315.60MarMayJulSepNovSOFR
SOFRFed funds target range
StatisticValue
Observations249
First / last observationJan 3, 2023 / Dec 29, 2023
First rate / last rate4.31% / 5.38%
Mean / median5.007% / 5.06%
High5.40% on Dec 28, 2023
Low4.30% on Jan 4, 2023
Average daily volume$1,409.9 billion
Largest daily moves+25 bp (Feb 2, 2023), +25 bp (Mar 23, 2023), +25 bp (May 4, 2023)

Monthly summary

SOFR by month, 2023. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York; summary statistics computed by BitsSecurity.
MonthObs.FirstLastMeanHighLowAvg volume ($bn)
January204.31%4.31%4.304%4.31%4.30%1,166
February194.31%4.55%4.538%4.56%4.31%1,194
March234.55%4.87%4.636%4.87%4.55%1,229
April194.84%4.81%4.806%4.84%4.80%1,364
May224.81%5.08%5.023%5.08%4.81%1,472
June215.08%5.09%5.056%5.09%5.05%1,446
July205.06%5.31%5.095%5.31%5.05%1,478
August235.31%5.31%5.301%5.31%5.30%1,363
September205.31%5.31%5.306%5.32%5.30%1,482
October215.32%5.35%5.311%5.35%5.30%1,452
November215.32%5.33%5.319%5.33%5.31%1,580
December205.39%5.38%5.335%5.40%5.31%1,694

Daily observations

Every published SOFR observation in 2023, newest first. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Effective dateSOFRChange (bp)1st–99th pctVolume ($bn)
Dec 29, 20235.38%-25.30% – 5.68%1,702
Dec 28, 20235.40%+15.30% – 5.64%1,832
Dec 27, 20235.39%+45.29% – 5.55%1,722
Dec 26, 20235.35%+35.28% – 5.48%1,644
Dec 22, 20235.32%+15.27% – 5.42%1,667
Dec 21, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.39%1,720
Dec 20, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.38%1,678
Dec 19, 20235.31%-15.27% – 5.40%1,757
Dec 18, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.42%1,665
Dec 15, 20235.32%+15.27% – 5.42%1,776
Dec 14, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.39%1,695
Dec 13, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.40%1,635
Dec 12, 20235.31%-15.27% – 5.41%1,713
Dec 11, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.42%1,577
Dec 8, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.42%1,610
Dec 7, 20235.32%05.28% – 5.43%1,702
Dec 6, 20235.32%-15.28% – 5.45%1,707
Dec 5, 20235.33%-45.28% – 5.47%1,792
Dec 4, 20235.37%-25.28% – 5.48%1,631
Dec 1, 20235.39%+65.28% – 5.50%1,650
Nov 30, 20235.33%+25.28% – 5.51%1,850
Nov 29, 20235.31%-15.27% – 5.44%1,578
Nov 28, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,593
Nov 27, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.44%1,602
Nov 24, 20235.32%+15.27% – 5.42%1,521
Nov 22, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.40%1,547
Nov 21, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.40%1,603
Nov 20, 20235.31%-15.26% – 5.41%1,621
Nov 17, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,587
Nov 16, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,640
Nov 15, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,605
Nov 14, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,533
Nov 13, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,494
Nov 10, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.46%1,469
Nov 9, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,526
Nov 8, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.42%1,470
Nov 7, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.42%1,546
Nov 6, 20235.32%05.27% – 5.43%1,559
Nov 3, 20235.32%-15.28% – 5.44%1,579
Nov 2, 20235.33%+15.28% – 5.44%1,640
Nov 1, 20235.32%-35.27% – 5.44%1,621
Oct 31, 20235.35%+45.26% – 5.45%1,582
Oct 30, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.40%1,470
Oct 27, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.40%1,496
Oct 26, 20235.31%+15.27% – 5.40%1,506
Oct 25, 20235.30%05.26% – 5.39%1,439
Oct 24, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.38%1,387
Oct 23, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.37%1,330
Oct 20, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.37%1,396
Oct 19, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.38%1,398
Oct 18, 20235.30%-15.25% – 5.40%1,396
Oct 17, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.42%1,427
Oct 16, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.43%1,450
Oct 13, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.43%1,383
Oct 12, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.43%1,467
Oct 11, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.43%1,465
Oct 10, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.43%1,522
Oct 6, 20235.31%-15.26% – 5.42%1,404
Oct 5, 20235.32%05.26% – 5.42%1,520
Oct 4, 20235.32%-15.27% – 5.43%1,436
Oct 3, 20235.33%+15.28% – 5.44%1,498
Oct 2, 20235.32%+15.27% – 5.43%1,513
Sep 29, 20235.31%05.25% – 5.42%1,537
Sep 28, 20235.31%-15.26% – 5.43%1,535
Sep 27, 20235.32%+15.27% – 5.43%1,388
Sep 26, 20235.31%05.27% – 5.43%1,561
Sep 25, 20235.31%+15.25% – 5.41%1,524
Sep 22, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,511
Sep 21, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,522
Sep 20, 20235.30%-15.25% – 5.39%1,492
Sep 19, 20235.31%05.25% – 5.40%1,562
Sep 18, 20235.31%05.26% – 5.41%1,565
Sep 15, 20235.31%+15.25% – 5.40%1,586
Sep 14, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,436
Sep 13, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,385
Sep 12, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,448
Sep 11, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,378
Sep 8, 20235.30%-15.25% – 5.39%1,420
Sep 7, 20235.31%+15.25% – 5.40%1,479
Sep 6, 20235.30%-15.25% – 5.39%1,391
Sep 5, 20235.31%05.25% – 5.40%1,472
Sep 1, 20235.31%05.25% – 5.40%1,458
Aug 31, 20235.31%+15.25% – 5.40%1,549
Aug 30, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.40%1,311
Aug 29, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.40%1,314
Aug 28, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,384
Aug 25, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,344
Aug 24, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.38%1,344
Aug 23, 20235.30%05.24% – 5.37%1,270
Aug 22, 20235.30%05.23% – 5.37%1,307
Aug 21, 20235.30%05.23% – 5.36%1,322
Aug 18, 20235.30%05.24% – 5.37%1,314
Aug 17, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.38%1,343
Aug 16, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,391
Aug 15, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.40%1,413
Aug 14, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,333
Aug 11, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.39%1,347
Aug 10, 20235.30%05.25% – 5.38%1,360
Aug 9, 20235.30%05.24% – 5.38%1,322
Aug 8, 20235.30%05.23% – 5.38%1,340
Aug 7, 20235.30%05.23% – 5.38%1,349
Aug 4, 20235.30%05.23% – 5.38%1,369
Aug 3, 20235.30%05.24% – 5.39%1,413
Aug 2, 20235.30%-15.25% – 5.39%1,416
Aug 1, 20235.31%05.25% – 5.40%1,495
Jul 31, 20235.31%+15.25% – 5.41%1,551
Jul 28, 20235.30%-15.25% – 5.41%1,419
Jul 27, 20235.31%+255.07% – 5.42%1,501
Jul 26, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.16%1,452
Jul 25, 20235.06%+15.00% – 5.15%1,470
Jul 24, 20235.05%05.00% – 5.13%1,365
Jul 21, 20235.05%-15.00% – 5.14%1,400
Jul 20, 20235.06%+15.00% – 5.14%1,460
Jul 19, 20235.05%-15.00% – 5.14%1,456
Jul 18, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.15%1,482
Jul 17, 20235.06%+15.00% – 5.15%1,524
Jul 14, 20235.05%-15.00% – 5.15%1,448
Jul 13, 20235.06%+15.00% – 5.14%1,445
Jul 12, 20235.05%-15.00% – 5.15%1,361
Jul 11, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.15%1,439
Jul 10, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.17%1,506
Jul 7, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.17%1,547
Jul 6, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.18%1,573
Jul 5, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.17%1,589
Jul 3, 20235.06%-35.00% – 5.18%1,579
Jun 30, 20235.09%+34.95% – 5.22%1,549
Jun 29, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.19%1,542
Jun 28, 20235.06%+15.00% – 5.18%1,499
Jun 27, 20235.05%05.00% – 5.16%1,481
Jun 26, 20235.05%05.00% – 5.15%1,429
Jun 23, 20235.05%05.00% – 5.15%1,389
Jun 22, 20235.05%05.00% – 5.14%1,354
Jun 21, 20235.05%05.00% – 5.14%1,387
Jun 20, 20235.05%04.98% – 5.14%1,427
Jun 16, 20235.05%-15.00% – 5.15%1,405
Jun 15, 20235.06%+15.00% – 5.17%1,527
Jun 14, 20235.05%04.99% – 5.14%1,397
Jun 13, 20235.05%04.98% – 5.14%1,375
Jun 12, 20235.05%04.97% – 5.13%1,399
Jun 9, 20235.05%04.99% – 5.13%1,392
Jun 8, 20235.05%04.99% – 5.14%1,402
Jun 7, 20235.05%04.99% – 5.15%1,429
Jun 6, 20235.05%-15.00% – 5.15%1,414
Jun 5, 20235.06%-15.00% – 5.18%1,472
Jun 2, 20235.07%-15.00% – 5.23%1,475
Jun 1, 20235.08%05.00% – 5.24%1,627
May 31, 20235.08%+25.00% – 5.21%1,623
May 30, 20235.06%04.99% – 5.19%1,530
May 26, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.22%1,476
May 25, 20235.06%+15.00% – 5.21%1,537
May 24, 20235.05%04.99% – 5.15%1,401
May 23, 20235.05%04.98% – 5.14%1,383
May 22, 20235.05%04.97% – 5.13%1,434
May 19, 20235.05%04.97% – 5.14%1,363
May 18, 20235.05%04.97% – 5.15%1,401
May 17, 20235.05%04.98% – 5.15%1,401
May 16, 20235.05%-14.99% – 5.15%1,466
May 15, 20235.06%+14.99% – 5.15%1,497
May 12, 20235.05%04.98% – 5.14%1,352
May 11, 20235.05%-14.98% – 5.13%1,372
May 10, 20235.06%04.98% – 5.17%1,410
May 9, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.17%1,482
May 8, 20235.06%04.99% – 5.17%1,497
May 5, 20235.06%05.00% – 5.18%1,517
May 4, 20235.06%+254.82% – 5.17%1,590
May 3, 20234.81%04.75% – 4.92%1,544
May 2, 20234.81%04.75% – 4.91%1,537
May 1, 20234.81%04.75% – 4.91%1,577
Apr 28, 20234.81%04.75% – 4.92%1,378
Apr 27, 20234.81%+14.74% – 4.90%1,337
Apr 26, 20234.80%04.74% – 4.89%1,345
Apr 25, 20234.80%04.74% – 4.89%1,329
Apr 24, 20234.80%04.73% – 4.88%1,298
Apr 21, 20234.80%04.72% – 4.87%1,324
Apr 20, 20234.80%04.72% – 4.87%1,281
Apr 19, 20234.80%04.73% – 4.88%1,307
Apr 18, 20234.80%04.74% – 4.90%1,364
Apr 17, 20234.80%04.74% – 4.89%1,406
Apr 14, 20234.80%04.74% – 4.88%1,312
Apr 13, 20234.80%04.74% – 4.92%1,378
Apr 12, 20234.80%04.74% – 4.88%1,358
Apr 11, 20234.80%-14.75% – 4.90%1,365
Apr 10, 20234.81%04.60% – 4.91%1,366
Apr 6, 20234.81%04.75% – 4.91%1,431
Apr 5, 20234.81%-24.75% – 4.93%1,427
Apr 4, 20234.83%-14.75% – 4.95%1,427
Apr 3, 20234.84%-34.75% – 4.97%1,477
Mar 31, 20234.87%+54.75% – 5.00%1,408
Mar 30, 20234.82%-14.75% – 4.93%1,319
Mar 29, 20234.83%-14.75% – 4.95%1,287
Mar 28, 20234.84%+34.75% – 4.97%1,345
Mar 27, 20234.81%+14.75% – 4.95%1,365
Mar 24, 20234.80%04.75% – 4.90%1,290
Mar 23, 20234.80%+254.56% – 4.88%1,355
Mar 22, 20234.55%04.50% – 4.63%1,203
Mar 21, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.63%1,247
Mar 20, 20234.55%04.45% – 4.63%1,288
Mar 17, 20234.55%-24.47% – 4.64%1,265
Mar 16, 20234.57%-14.49% – 4.69%1,272
Mar 15, 20234.58%+34.45% – 4.72%1,252
Mar 14, 20234.55%04.40% – 4.69%1,203
Mar 13, 20234.55%04.46% – 4.63%1,148
Mar 10, 20234.55%04.46% – 4.61%1,088
Mar 9, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.62%1,120
Mar 8, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.62%1,096
Mar 7, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.61%1,151
Mar 6, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.62%1,129
Mar 3, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.62%1,120
Mar 2, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.64%1,150
Mar 1, 20234.55%04.46% – 4.63%1,172
Feb 28, 20234.55%04.35% – 4.64%1,230
Feb 27, 20234.55%04.45% – 4.62%1,145
Feb 24, 20234.55%04.45% – 4.61%1,122
Feb 23, 20234.55%04.45% – 4.61%1,137
Feb 22, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.62%1,129
Feb 21, 20234.55%04.46% – 4.62%1,164
Feb 17, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.64%1,209
Feb 16, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.64%1,244
Feb 15, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.64%1,239
Feb 14, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.63%1,216
Feb 13, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.63%1,153
Feb 10, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.63%1,186
Feb 9, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.64%1,212
Feb 8, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.63%1,184
Feb 7, 20234.55%04.48% – 4.63%1,208
Feb 6, 20234.55%04.47% – 4.62%1,209
Feb 3, 20234.55%-14.48% – 4.63%1,216
Feb 2, 20234.56%+254.32% – 4.64%1,290
Feb 1, 20234.31%04.23% – 4.40%1,199
Jan 31, 20234.31%+14.23% – 4.41%1,281
Jan 30, 20234.30%04.22% – 4.40%1,158
Jan 27, 20234.30%04.23% – 4.38%1,165
Jan 26, 20234.30%-14.23% – 4.39%1,165
Jan 25, 20234.31%+14.23% – 4.38%1,157
Jan 24, 20234.30%04.23% – 4.39%1,163
Jan 23, 20234.30%04.22% – 4.37%1,150
Jan 20, 20234.30%-14.22% – 4.39%1,169
Jan 19, 20234.31%+14.23% – 4.40%1,231
Jan 18, 20234.30%-14.22% – 4.40%1,193
Jan 17, 20234.31%+14.23% – 4.43%1,248
Jan 13, 20234.30%04.22% – 4.41%1,101
Jan 12, 20234.30%04.22% – 4.41%1,108
Jan 11, 20234.30%-14.23% – 4.41%1,142
Jan 10, 20234.31%04.23% – 4.41%1,124
Jan 9, 20234.31%04.23% – 4.45%1,127
Jan 6, 20234.31%04.22% – 4.45%1,118
Jan 5, 20234.31%+14.23% – 4.45%1,134
Jan 4, 20234.30%-14.22% – 4.44%1,136
Jan 3, 20234.31%+14.22% – 4.44%1,257